The different technologies being pursued for quantum processors (chips), such as superconducting circuits, trapped ions, photonic qubits, and newer contenders like neutral atoms or semiconductor spin qubits, each have their own advantages and challenges. Any small improvement in the qubits coherence, connectivity or accuracy can make a big difference. Breakthroughs in error correction, manufacturing, or hybrid designs can quickly shift the landscape. As research and investment accelerate, the race to build the most capable quantum hardware is intensifying.

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Current research and developments in quantum chips focus on four main directions: 1) expanding the number and quality of the qubits, 2) creating processor architectures with built-in error correction, 3) harnessing the existing semiconductor manufacturing infrastructure and 4) improving scalability though modular designs that extend beyond a single chip.

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The fast progress in chip development is also driving improvements in supporting tools such as cryogenics, control electronics, cabling, lasers, and photonic components.